Low energy neutral atoms imaging of the Moon     

Yoshifumi Futaana  Stas Barabash  Anil Bhardwaj 《Planetary and Space Science》2006,54(2):132-143

Imaging of low-energy neutral atoms (LENAs) in the vicinity of the Moon can provide wide knowledge of the Moon from the viewpoint of plasma physics and planetary physics. At the surface of the Moon, neutral atoms are mainly generated by photon-stimulated desorption, micrometeorite vaporization and sputtering by solar wind protons. LENAs, the energetic neutral atoms with energy range of 10-500 eV, are mainly created by sputtering of solar wind particles. We have made quantitative estimates of sputtered LENAs from the Moon surface. The results indicate that LENAs can be detected by a realistic instrument and that the measurement will provide the global element maps of sputtered particles, which substantially reflect the surface composition, and the magnetic anomalies. We have also found that LENAs around dark regions, such as the permanent shadow inside craters in the pole region, can be imaged. This is because the solar wind ions can penetrate shaded regions due to their finite gyro-radius and the pressure gradient between the solar wind and the wake region. LENAs also extend our knowledge about the magnetic anomalies and associated mini-magnetosphere systems, which are the smallest magnetospheres as far as one knows. It is thought that no LENAs are generated from mini-magnetosphere regions because no solar wind may penetrate inside them. Imaging such void areas of LENAs will provide another map of lunar magnetic anomalies.  相似文献   

关于桩基负摩阻力的若干问题的探讨     

蔡洪伟 《岩土工程技术》2014,(4):198-200

负摩阻力是桩基问题中常见且尚未完全解决的问题,更是一个复杂的问题.工程实际中负摩阻力的作用可能导致基础的上部结构的不均匀沉降,不少建筑物因负摩阻力的作用而产生过大的沉降、倾斜或是建筑物的开裂现象.针对负摩阻力问题的探讨,能够引起人们对负摩阻力的高度关注.  相似文献   

间歇性湿地研究进展     

陈波  陈文瑾  罗毓彬 《湿地科学与管理》2022,18(1):64-68

间歇性湿地作为湿地的特殊类型,具有生物多样性保护、调节径流、改善水质和调节小气候、稳碳增汇等丰富的经济和生态价值。研究表明:全球间歇性湿地的数量和质量逐年下降,特殊生境受到严重威胁,但目前学者对间歇性湿地的关注仍然不够,国内还未有系统的研究。影响间歇性湿地生态功能的环境因素主要有淹水和干旱时间间隔、持续时间、干旱暴露频率和水生生物群落结构的变化,同时还受水文及地貌的差异控制。综述了20世纪以来人类活动对间歇性湿地类型和分布的影响,并概述了间歇性湿地在全球水-碳循环和生物多样性保护中发挥的生态和社会功能。间歇性湿地作为野生动植物的重要生境,为毗邻生态系统提供营养物质供给、蓄水防洪、水质过滤、稳碳增汇等功能,是自然和社会环境的重要生态安全屏障。  相似文献   

气相色谱快速测定土壤中的有机磷农药     

王红章 《福建地质》2012,31(3):284-287

采用1：1丙酮-正己烷为提取溶剂,待测样品中加入活性炭和中性氧化铝,涡旋混合、超声震荡,样品提取净化同时完成,建立气相色谱氮磷检测器（GC-NPD）快速测定农田土壤中常用的五种有机磷农药的检测方法。该方法回收率为85％～95％,精密度控制在RsD％≤8％,检出限为0．2ng／g-1．8ng／g。  相似文献   

本源微生物降解辽河原油的非烃分子结构变化     

向廷生  王慧敏  陶文  马立安 《地球化学》2013,(6):567-575

利用高效本源降解菌在不同时间范围内对辽河油样进行了微生物降解模拟实验,以研究不同降解程度原油分子结构的变化规律。微生物作用前后原油样品做族组分分离及进一步的中性氮化合物和酸性化合物分离,然后对其不同组分进行色谱质谱分析和红外光谱分析。结果表明,辽河油样中的非烃化合物经微生物作用以后,正构一元酸含量随降解时间的增加而增加,且变化幅度逐渐增大;五环三萜类羧酸中C28组分和莫烷酸系列随着降解时间的增加含量上升;轻度的微生物降解作用对咔唑、甲基咔唑、二甲基咔唑等化合物没有明显影响,中等强度降解具有一定的影响;从胶质、沥青质红外光谱图看出,微生物能够降解该原油胶质、沥青质。侧链长度随降解程度增加而变短;芳香环结构抗微生物降解能力强,缩合程度变化不大;而取代基上的烷烃易被微生物氧化,氧化程度随降解程度增加而增加,产生酸类、醚类物质。探讨原油微生物降解中非烃化合物结构及其地球化学特征对石油勘探开发都有重要指导作用。  相似文献   

桩基负摩阻力时间效应试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄挺  龚维明  戴国亮  郑金海  徐国平 《岩土力学》2013,34(10):2841-2846

由于黏土固结缓慢,桩基负摩阻力存在明显的时间效应,然而目前相关研究仍显不足。设计实施了能实现桩顶加载及较大超载值的单桩及双桩负摩阻力模型试验,桩周土采用砂土和软黏土夹层,测定了模型桩身应力、桩顶位移以及土体分层沉降随固结时间的变化。试验结果显示,沉降、负摩阻力具有明显的时间效应。土表超载作用下土体沉降带动桩沉降,桩与土体的沉降均表现出早期快、后期慢的趋势。试验加载初期,黏土夹层处的负摩阻力略小于砂层,但随土体固结而增长,其基本变化规律与沉降相同。因桩端砂土层沉降稳定迅速,中性点随桩身沉降增长略呈上移趋势。此外,相同荷载作用下桩间距较小的双桩,由于下拉力较小,其沉降较小。试验条件下,3D桩间距的负摩阻力群桩效应系数在0.71～0.77之间,6D桩间距时不存在负摩阻力群桩效应。  相似文献   

Pulsating of the generalized ion and neutral polar winds   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Larry C. Gardner  Robert W. Schunk 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2008,70(11-12):1408-1418

A three-dimensional, time-dependent model of the ion and neutral polar winds was used to study their dynamic evolution during the May 4, 1998 magnetic storm. The simulation tracked the dynamics of five species (O⁺, H⁺, H_s, O_s, and electrons) and covered a 9-h period. During the storm, D_st decreased to −210 nT, Ap reached 300, and K_p was elevated. The IMF B_z component was southward at the start of the storm and for several hours thereafter and then turned northward. However, the magnetospheric energy input to the ionosphere exhibited a 50-min oscillation, with the plasma convection and particle precipitation patterns expanding and contracting in a periodic manner. As a consequence, the ion and neutral polar winds pulsated with an approximate 50-min period. The H⁺ and O⁺ ions displayed cyclic upflows and downflows in the topside ionosphere as well as a highly structured spatial distribution that varied with time. The vertical flux of the neutral H_s atoms was upward at the top of the ionosphere, but the magnitude varied in a cyclic manner in response to the oscillating stormtime energy input. The vertical flux of neutral O_s atoms was downward at the top of the ionosphere and varied significantly with the stormtime energy input. For H⁺, O⁺, and H_s, the maximum total (integrated) vertical flux during the storm was upward at the top of the ionosphere, with values of 8–9×10²⁵ particles/s for H⁺, 2–4×10²⁶ particles/s for O⁺, and 2–3×10²⁷ particles/s for H_s. The corresponding total vertical O_s flux was predominately downward, with only localized areas with positive fluxes.  相似文献   

由Saastamoinen和Hopfield模型推算水汽含量的比较与分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曲建光 《测绘工程》1999,8(4):22-27

详细介绍利用ＧＰＡ数据推算大气水汽含量的过程。根据Ｓａａｓｔａｍｏｉｎｅｎ和Ｈｏｐｆｉｅｌｄ两种模型利用实测数据对大气水汽含量进行了推算,并对其结果进行了比较和分析,得到了一些有益的结论。  相似文献   

多滞后中立型非线性控制系统的镇定     

牟丽君  高存臣 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2005,35(5):763-767

应用Lyapunov等价法讨论了多滞后中立型非线性定常控制系统与不带滞后的线性定常控制系统的镇定问题.应用Lyapunov稳定性理论与Krosovskii最大最小特征值定理,得到了多滞后中立型非线性定常控制系统渐近稳定的结论,该结论是对前人结果的进一步扩展,并在非线性项的限制下给出了时滞的界限.最后,将上述结论推广到了多滞后中立型非线性时变控制系统.  相似文献   

Global properties of star formation in spiral galaxies     

T. N. Rengarajan  K. V. K. Iyengar 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》1988,9(2):79-91

Samples of spiral galaxies from two catalogues of 21 cm line observations and a catalogue of near-infrared observations of nearby galaxies have been used in conjunction with Infrared Astronomical Satellite data to study correlations involving M_G, the dynamic mass of the galaxies, the luminosities in theH band (1.6Μm), the blue band and the far infrared bands and the mass of atomic hydrogen, it is found that both the blue and the far-IR luminosities which are indicators of star formation averaged over ∼3 × l0⁹ and ∼10⁷ years respectively, have a linear dependence onM _G On the other hand, theH luminosity which is a measure of star formation averaged over the lifetime of galaxies, has a steeper power law dependence onM _G. The correlations observed do not have significant dependence on the morophological type of the galaxies There is a poor correlation between the far-infrared luminosity and the mass of atomic hydrogen. The mass of atomic hydrogen has a dependence of the formM _G. Because of the decrease in the mean mass for later morphological types and due to differences in power law dependences of luminosities in different bands onM _G, the mean value of luminosity-to-mass ratio is a constant for blue and far-IR bands, decreases for theH band and the gas-to-mass ratio increases as morphological type increases.  相似文献